Signs of Colic in Horses

Colic is one of the most common equine emergencies and should always be taken seriously. The term colic refers to abdominal pain rather than one specific disease, and symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe, life-threatening distress.

Because some forms of colic can worsen quickly, horse owners should know the warning signs and contact a veterinarian promptly if colic is suspected.

Common Signs of Colic in Horses

Signs can vary depending on the horse and the underlying cause, but common warning signs may include:

• Repeated pawing at the ground
• Looking back at the flank or abdomen
• Kicking or biting at the belly
• Rolling or repeatedly lying down and getting up
• Loss of appetite
• Depression, dullness, or unusual behaviour
• Sweating without exercise
• Stretching out as if trying to urinate
• Straining to pass manure
• Reduced or absent manure production
• Abdominal bloating or distension

Mild Signs Can Still Matter

Not every horse with colic will show dramatic symptoms. Some horses may simply stop eating, stand quietly, appear uncomfortable, or show small changes in behaviour. These mild signs can still indicate a serious problem.

If your horse is not acting normally, especially if appetite or manure production changes, it is safer to speak to a veterinarian early.

Severe Warning Signs

Urgent veterinary attention is especially important if the horse shows severe or worsening signs such as:

• Violent rolling
• Persistent or worsening pain
• Profuse sweating
• Rapid breathing
• High heart rate
• Pale, dark, or abnormal gum colour
• Weakness or collapse
• Signs that return after temporary improvement

These signs may indicate a serious condition that needs immediate assessment and treatment.

What to Do if You Suspect Colic

If you suspect colic, contact your veterinarian for guidance. While waiting for advice, keep the horse in a safe area and monitor symptoms carefully.

Useful information to provide to the veterinarian may include:

• When the signs started
• Whether the horse has eaten or passed manure
• Recent feed, water, or routine changes
• Any rolling, sweating, or signs of severe pain
• Recent travel, medication, illness, or previous colic episodes

What Not to Do

Do not give medication unless your veterinarian advises it. Pain relief can sometimes mask symptoms and make it harder to judge whether the condition is improving or getting worse.

Do not force the horse to walk for long periods if it is exhausted, unstable, or in severe pain. Follow your veterinarian's instructions based on the horse's condition.

Why Colic Matters for Insurance

Colic can involve emergency call-outs, diagnostic testing, medication, hospitalisation, and in some cases surgery. These costs can be significant, particularly when specialist treatment is needed.

Horse insurance with suitable veterinary fee cover may help with eligible treatment costs, while mortality cover may provide financial protection if a horse dies due to a covered event.